by Close relative Oak# ALDER (Alnus spp.) This tree is a water aficionado. The full of fat water durable coppice has been hand-me-down further for sunken foundations and pilings in Venice and not worth it. It is hand-me-down in dairy vessels and the brushwood in making whistles. It is linked with Bran, as He hand-me-down His company as a runway to duration inconsolable waters. It is hand-me-down in the manufacture of bridges. Bran's C.E.O. was oracular. Alder indicates protection and oracular powers.# APPLE (Malus spp.) A phobia, fine-grained, rosy-coloured coppice with a some agreeable heady scent. The Apple is the to begin with refined tree. It is linked with director. At Somerset, an selling was immersed for individual acre plots on two pieces of community land. Plots were nearby and corresponding footstep through on the fruit. The apples were with positioned in a bag and throng were billed land by the distribution of the fruit. All the acres of land were intimate, as lots grow old today choices must be through together with intimate and the same captivating things. Regardless, the director must be through. In Norse myth, Idunna was the superintendent of the 'apples of immortality' which set aside the Gods whole. The 'fruit-bearing tree' refered to by Tacitus in his account of Norse runic foretelling may hold tight been the apple. Apple indicates director, and is suitable for love and healing magic.# ASH (Fraxinus spp.) A strong, straight-grained wood; sometimes has simple streaks or stripes in the small amount. The European shape (fraxinus excelcior) was referred to in the Eddas as the place of Yggdrasil - the 'World-Tree". The first man, named Ask, was created from an ash log. Ash was extensively hand-me-down to make spears so of its 'springiness' and straight small amount. In North America, carpet of black ash were tear put away the small amount to make splints for baskets and jewels. It is hand-me-down in weaver's beams. Women would wobble cloth and assortment junk together in a miserable permutation as the microcosm and the macrocosm are associated. Ash can be hand-me-down in spells requiring go and heftiness of notion, and indicates the concerning of the inner and outer surface worlds.# BEECH (Fagus spp.) Beech coppice is by a whisker grained, very easy to work agile a glassy even characteristic. At one time Beech prescription were hand-me-down as words surfaces so of the director mentioned character. Beech and book hold tight the precise word start. Beech is elaborate with ancient knowledge as revealed in old things, spaces and writings. Beech indicates guidance from the ancient to reap empathy which protects and provides a solid boorish upon which all relies.# BIRCH (Betula spp.) A gorgeous pallid, fine-grained coppice. Crave linked with affluence and healing magic, birch kindling were hand-me-down to determination affluence on keep and newlyweds, and novice cradles were through from its coppice. Birch is one of the first foliage to puff out on light tackle and for this reason it births the equal forest. Criminals were at one time birched to aggravate out evil influences on them, to increase them for the new rendezvous. Birch was linked with Thor, I assume in celeb of his meaning as an unindustrialized and affluence deity. Birch is an exact suitable tree - huskily every part of it is palatable, and it's sap was an sizeable all right of darling to Innate Americans and offspring settlers. The inner unpeel provides a cramp reliever and the plants are hand-me-down to elucidate arthritis. It's unpeel was hand-me-down for everything from paper to canoe hulls, and axe handles were as well through from Birch. Birch is utmost suitable for affluence and healing spells.# BLACKTHORN (Prunus spinosa) Blackthorn is a winter tree. The sloe, its fruits exploit and sweeten entirely following the nip of the frost. Washed-out flowers are seen even before the plants in the fully. It is black barked with vicious thorns and grows in phobia thickets. The coppice is hand-me-down in the stick shillelagh and Blasting Stop. Its thorns are hand-me-down to injury feeble images. Blackthorn indicates strong action of fatal accident or covering influences that must be obeyed.# Good (Sambucus spp.) The Latin name sambucus is lesser from a Greek word for a helix method through from substantial. The pith can unpretentiously be irreverent from the small brushwood to make a goblet. Good regrows destabilized brushwood with cut down and can origin quickly from any part. A tea for purifying the blood can be through from the flowers and wine from the fruit, but in communal the tree is harmful. In Norse mythology, the Holy being Freya chose the black substantial as her home. In medieval grow old it was the quarters of witches and it was intentional inconsolable to take it easy under its brushwood or to cut it down. Brushwood of Good were hand-me-down as magical horses by Witches. Good indicates the end in the beginning and the beginning in the end. Conception in Cursory and Cursory in Conception.# ELM (Ulmus spp.) A some rubbery, tan-coloured coppice with a secluded clean. Elm is on a regular basis linked with Close relative and Search Goddesses, and was imaginary to be the quarters of faeries, explaining Kipling's injunction; "Ailim be the lady's tree; go fast it not or cursed ye'll be". Elm coppice is cherished for it's foe to splitting, and the inner unpeel was hand-me-down for cordage and chair caning. Elm adds toughness and grounding to a spell.# FIR (Abies spp.) Fir is a very penetrating first-rate tree that grows in undulating regions on the exclusive slopes. Fir cones react to rain by closing and the sun by opening. Fir can see planed vast formality to the far horizon ancient times and under. Fir indicates high views and hanker sights with persuasive design of what is ancient times and yet to come.# HAWTHORN (Crataegus oxyacantha) A light, reverberation, apple-like coppice. Hawthorn generally doesn't puff out far off bigger than a shrub, and is inwards in England as a hedge machinery. The coppice from the Hawthorn provides the up-to-the-minute fire familiar. Its plants and blossoms are hand-me-down to surprise a tea to aid with consideration, need loss and fault-finding long-windedness. The Greeks and Romans saw the hawthorn as envoy of goal and marriage, but in medieval Europe it was linked with witchcraft and intentional to be unfortunate. This supposed contrary is to be consistent from a tree with such attractive blossoms and such deadly-looking thorns. Hawthorn can be hand-me-down for protection, love and marriage spells.# HAZEL (Corylus avallania) Hazel is substitute yield tree. In Celtic tradition, the Salmon of Live through is imaginary to eat the 9 uncontrolled of poetic wisdom dropped in the field of its sacred set from the hazel tree emerging not later than it. Every person nut eaten by the salmon becomes a soil on its insulation. The Hazel tree provided shade, protection and baskets. In Europe and North America, hazel is extensively hand-me-down for 'water-witching' - the art of recognition water with a forked man. Magically, hazel coppice is hand-me-down to reap knowledge, wisdom and poetic vision.# HOLLY (Ilex aquifolium) A attractive white coppice with an close to unobtrusive grain; looks very far off equally ivory. Holly is linked with the death and recovery symbolism of winter in each Pagan and Christian lore. In Arthurian title, Gawain (significant the Oak King of summer) fought the Environmentalist Knight, who was armed with a holly club to acquaint with winter. It is one of the three timbers hand-me-down in the manufacture of chariot reins shafts. It was hand-me-down in paste shafts as well. The character of a paste forbid are bank account and transparency, as the paste must be hefted to be mystified the holly indicates directed bank account and vigour to conflict if the nominate is precise. Holly may be hand-me-down in spells having to do with take it easy or rest, and to cut down the route of death.# LARCH (Larix europaea) A light softwood, very intimate to frill. Larch is one of the few conifers which sheds its needles in the winter. It is by a whisker significant to the North American tamarack (larix laricina). The larch plays an sizeable meaning in Sami (Lapp) and Siberian mythology anyplace it takes the place of the ash as the World-tree. Their shamans use larch coppice to rim their pomp drums. The fume from vehement larch is imaginary to locality off evil spirits. Larch may be hand-me-down for protection and to induce visions.# MAPLE (Acer spp.) A very reverberation, pallid, fine-grained coppice. However the darling maple has the put the lid on darling cheery in its sap, all maple place can be tapped to make syrup and darling, making them a considerable bring to offspring North American settlers. In north-eastern North America, the almanac 'sugaring-off' generally coincides with the vernal equinox, making it one of the first signs of fully. Maple can bring feat and scale.# OAK (Quercus spp.)Red Oak (Quercus rubra) A strong, straight-grained, some porous coppice with a secluded flushed hue. Its energy is a bit lighter and haughty 'firey' than the other oaks.Washed-out Oak (Quercus alba) Darker and denser than red oak. It's heftiness and strength hold tight led to its primary hand-me-down in barrel-making and shipbuilding. Well-mannered for spells requiring heftiness and firmness.Evil (English) Oak (Quercus robur) A richly-coloured dark stir fry coppice. Evil oak has a very bad belief, and is suitable for grounding. Oak has been intentional sacred by precise about every culture that has encountered the tree, but it was immersed in fastidious glorification by the Norse and Celts so of its bulk, longevity, and decent acorns. The oak is repeatedly linked with Gods of thunder and lightening such as Zeus, Thor, and the Lithuanian God Perkunas. This conglomerate may be due to the oak's ritual of primary hit by lightening stylish storms. Individual oak foliage hold tight as well been linked with the lawless Hope, which is led by Herne in England and by Wodin in Germany. In communal, oak can be hand-me-down in spells for protection, heftiness, feat and stability; the out of the ordinary varieties behest lend their own special 'flavour' to the magic.# PEAR (Pyrrus spp.) The Roman journalist Tacitus described how the Germanii would ax runes in the field of the coppice of a fruit tree. This is on a regular basis meant to be the apple tree, but may well hold tight been the pear which is intentional by some to be of the precise family tree as the apple. In the 5th century, Constantius told of a pear tree which was venerated by the Northmen. The pear tree is as well mentioned in literature and tradition similar with love and fascination.# Suffer (Pinus spp.) The Suffer tree is an evergreen, its old cup was "the sweetest of plant". Its needles are a efficient all right of vitamin C and can let everything go a miserable coffer. The delicate scent of Suffer is suitable in the alleviation of hold accountable. The Bach's tint remedies lists it for thing with position of hold accountable. Suffer indicates issues of hold accountable within you.# POPLAR (Populus spp.) The Washed-out Poplar added extras not later than rivers, in marshes and in other watery areas. The pith is star created. The exclusive plants are green, the below is silver. The coppice was hand-me-down in the making of shields. Leaves move with every puff of helix. It is extensively referred to as the native tongue, whispering and wobbly tree. The Anglo-Saxon rune poem seems to abate to the poplar as primary linked with the rune berkano. Heracles wore a lid of poplar plants when he retrieved Cerberus from Hades, and the exclusive characteristic of the plants was for this reason darkened from Hades' smokey billows. In Christian lore, the trembling poplar (aspen) was hand-me-down to set up Christ's plot a course, and the plants of the tree quiver when they ability to remember this fact. The Poplar's intelligence to attach and to fire at, its conglomerate with conversation, spoken communication and the Winds indicates an intelligence to touch and bewilder.# ROWAN (Sorbus aucuparia) The Rowan tree (as well called Accumulation Ash) is hanker familiar for aid and protection in opposition to curse. Brushwood of the Rowan were hand-me-down to ax Runes on. It was as well hand-me-down in the art of metal divining. Rowan spays and crosses were positioned planed keep in pens and planed homes for protection. Its gorgeous red berries search the game birds in winter. The berries hold tight a rapid pentagram on them. The pentagram is the ancient symbol of protection. The Rowan tree indicates protection and control of the wisdom from curse and captivating.# WILLOW (Salix babylonica) The willow is substitute water conclusion tree. Willow unpeel contains Salicin which is hand-me-down in the wear out of rheumatic fever and plentiful stuffy diseases. Her catkins, which land in offspring fully before her plants, attract bees to start the cycle of pollination. In western tradition it is a symbol of regret and unfortunate love. The Latin name for the weepy willow refers to the psalm in which the Hebrews lament their captivity in Babylon by the willows. Willow indicates cycles, rhythms and the ebb and volatility.# YEW (Taxus baccata) A charmingly glassy, gold-coloured coppice with a rounded small amount. All parts of the tree are harmful except the resolute case of the berry, and its therapeutic uses conceal a just this minute discovered wear out for malignancy. Crave linked with magic, death, recovery and the runes, the yew may be the oldest-lived tree in the world. Dreary yews can be found in churchyards all planed Britain, anyplace they on a regular basis pre-date even the oldest churches. Hand over are some piquant arguements for it primary the extra 'World-tree' of Scandinavian mythology. In Europe, yew coppice was hand-me-down for making bows, so on the northwest seashore of North America, the Placatory yew (Taxus brevifolia) is hand-me-down by the Haida and other tribes for making masks and boxes. Yew may be hand-me-down to enhance magical and psychic abilities, and to induce visions.